Hacking Basic Guide

Systemctc Hacking Basic Guide
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF HACKING! WE, THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE OUTSIDE OF
THE NORMAL RULES, AND HAVE BEEN SCORNED AND EVEN ARRESTED BY THOSE FROM THE 'CIVILIZED WORLD', ARE BECOMMING  SCARCER EVERY DAY.  THIS IS DUE TO THE
GREATER FEAR OF WHAT A GOOD HACKER (SKILL WISE, NO MORAL JUDGEMENTS HERE)
CAN DO NOWADAYS, THUS CAUSING ANTI- HACKER SENTIMENT IN THE MASSES.
ALSO, FEW HACKERS SEEM TO ACTUALLY KNOW ABOUT THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS THEY HACK, OR WHAT EQUIPMENT THEY WILL RUN INTO ON THE FRONT END, OR WHAT THEY COULD DO WRONG ON A SYSTEM TO ALERT THE 'HIGHER' AUTHORITIES WHO MONITOR THE SYSTEM. THIS ARTICLE IS INTENDED TO TELL YOU ABOUT SOME THINGS NOT TO DO, EVEN BEFORE YOU GET ON THE SYSTEM.  WE WILL TELL YOU ABOUT THE NEW WAVE OF FRONT END SECURITY DEVICES THAT ARE BEGINNING TO BE USED ON COMPUTERS. WE WILL ATTEMPT TO INSTILL IN YOU A SECOND IDENTITY, TO BE BROUGHT UP AT TIME OF GREAT NEED, TO PULL YOU OUT OF TROUBLE. AND, BY THE WAY, WE TAKE NO, REPEAT, NO, RESPONCIBILITY FOR WHAT WE SAY IN THIS AND THE FORTHCOMING ARTICLES. ENOUGH OF THE BULLSHIT, ON TO THE FUNAFTER LOGGING ON YOUR FAVORITE BBS,
YOU SEE ON THE HIGH ACCESS BOARD A PHONE NUMBER!  IT SAYS IT'S A GREAT
SYSTEM TO "FUCK AROUND WITH!" THIS MAY BE TRUE, BUT HOW MANY OTHER
PEOPLE ARE GOING TO CALL THE SAME NUMBER?  SO:  TRY TO AVOID CALLING A
NUMBER GIVEN TO THE PUBLIC.  THIS IS BECAUSE THERE ARE AT LEAST EVERY OTHER
USER CALLING, AND HOW MANY OTHER BOARDS WILL THAT NUMBER SPREAD TO?
IF YOU CALL A NUMBER FAR, FAR AWAY, AND YOU PLAN ON GOING THRU AN EXTENDER OR A RE-SELLER, DON'T KEEP CALLING THE SAME ACCESS NUMBER (I.E. AS YOU WOULD IF YOU HAD A HACKER RUNNING), THIS LOOKS VERY SUSPICIOUS AND CAN MAKE LIFE MISERABLE WHEN THE PHONE BILL COMES IN THE MAIL.  MOST CITIES HAVE
A VARIETY OF ACCESS NUMBERS AND

Hacking Article

SERVICES, SO USE AS MANY AS YOU CAN. NEVER TRUST A CHANGE IN THE SYSTEM...
THE 414'S, THE ASSHOLES, WERE CAUGHT FOR THIS REASON:  WHEN ONE OF THEM
CONNECTED TO THE SYSTEM, THERE WAS NOTHING GOOD THERE.  THE NEXT TIME,
THERE WAS A TREK GAME STUCK RIGHT IN THEIR WAY!  THEY PROCEDED TO PLAY SAID
GAME FOR TWO, SAY TWO AND A HALF HO URS, WHILE TELENET WAS TRACING THEM!  NICE JOB, DON'T YOU THINK?  IF ANYTHING LOOKS SUSPICIOUS, DROP THE LINE
IMMEDIATELY!!  AS IN, YESTERDAY!! THE POINT WE'RE TRYING TO GET ACCROSS
IS:  IF YOU USE A LITTLE COMMON SENCE, YOU WON'T GET BUSTED.  LET THE LITTLE
KIDS WHO AREN'T SMART ENOUGH TO RECOGNIZE A TRAP GET BUSTED, IT WILL
TAKE THE HEAT OFF OF THE REAL HACKERS. NOW, LET'S SAY YOU GET ON A COMPUTER
SYSTEM...  IT LOOKS GREAT, CHECKS OUT, EVERYTHING SEEMS FINE.  OK, NOW
IS WHEN IT GETS MORE DANGEROUS.  YOU HAVE TO KNOW THE COMPUTER SYSTEM (SEE FUTURE ISSUES OF THIS ARTICLE FOR INFO ON SPECIFIC SYSTEMS) TO KNOW WHAT NOT TO DO.  BASICALLY, KEEP AWAY FROM ANY COMMAND WHICH LOOKS LIKE IT MIGHT DELETE SOMETHING, COPY A NEW FILE INTO
THE ACCOUNT, OR WHATEVER!  ALWAYS LEAVE
THE ACCOUNT IN THE SAME STATUS YOU
LOGGED IN WITH.  CHANGE _NOTHING_... IF IT ISN'T AN ACCOUNT WITH PRIV'S,
THEN DON'T TRY ANY COMMANDS THAT REQUIRE THEM!  ALL, YES ALL, SYSTEMS
ARE GOING TO BE KEEPING LOG FILES OF WHAT USERS ARE DOING, AND THAT WILL
SHOW UP.  IT IS JUST LIKE DROPPING A TROUBLE-CARD IN AN ESS SYSTEM, AFTER
SENDING THAT NICE OPERATOR A PRET TY TONE.  SPEND NO EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF
TIME ON THE ACCOUNT IN ONE STRETCH. KEEP YOUR CALLING TO THE VERY LATE
NIGHT IF POSSIBLE, OR DURING BUSINESS HOURS (BELIEVE IT OR NOT!).  IT SO
HAPPENS THAT THERE ARE MORE USERS ON DURING BUSINESS HOURS, AND IT IS VERY
DIFFICULT TO READ A LOG FILE WITH 60 USERS DOING MANY COMMNDS EVERY
MINUTE.  TRY TO AVOID SYSTEMS WHERE EVERYONE KNOWS EACH OTHER, DON'T TRY
TO BLUFF.  AND ABOVE ALL:  NEVER ACT LIKE YOU OWN THE SYSTEM, OR ARE THE
BEST THERE IS.  THEY ALWAYS GRAB THE PEOPLE WHO'S HEADS SWELL...
THERE IS SOME VERY INTERESTING FRONT END EQUIPMENT AROUND NOWADAYS, BUT
FIRST LET'S DEFINE TERMS...BY FRONT END, WE MEAN ANY DEVICE THAT
YOU MUST PASS THRU TO GET AT THE REAL COMPUTER.  THERE ARE DEVICES THAT ARE
MADE TO DEFEAT HACKER PROGRAMS, AND JUST PLAIN OLD MULTIPLEXERS.
TO DEFEAT HACKER PROGRAMS, THERE ARE NOW DEVICES THAT PICK UP THE PHONE
AND JUST SIT THERE...  THIS MEANS THAT YOUR DEVICE GETS NO CARRIER, THUS
YOU THINK THERE ISN'T A COMPUTER ON THE OTHER END.  THE ONLY WAY AROUND IT
IS TO DETECT WHEN IT WAS PICKED UP.  IF IT PICKES UP AFTER THE SAME NUMBER
RING, THEN YOU KNOW IT IS A HACKER- DEFEATER.  THESE DEVICES TAKE A MULTI-
DIGIT CODE TO LET YOU INTO THE SYSTEM.SOME ARE, IN FACT, QUITE SOPHISTICATED
TO THE POINT WHERE IT WILL ALSO LIMIT THE USER NAME'S DOWN, SO ONLY ONE NAME OR SET OF NAMES CAN BE VALID LOGINS AFTER THEY INPUT THE CODE...
OTHER DEVICES INPUT A NUMBER CODE, AND THEN THEY DIAL BACK A PRE-PROGRAMMED NUMBER FOR THAT CODE.  THESE SYSTEMS
ARE BEST TO LEAVE ALONE, BECAUSE THEY KNOW SOMEONE IS PLAYING WITH THEIR
PHONE.  YOU MAY THINK "BUT I'LL JUST REPROGRAM THE DIAL-BACK."  THINK
AGAIN, HOW STUPID THAT IS...  THEN THEY HAVE YOUR NUMBER, OR A TEST LOOP
IF YOU WERE JUST A LITTLE SMARTERIF IT'S YOUR NUMBER, THEY HAVE YOUR
BALLS (IF MALE...), IF ITS A LOOP, THEN YOU ARE SCREWED AGAIN, SINCE THOSE
LOOPS ARE _MONITORED_.AS FOR MULTIPLEXERS...  WHAT A PLEXER
IS SUPPOSED TO DO IS THIS:  THE SYSTEM CAN ACCEPT MULTIPLE USERS.  WE HAVE
TO TIME SHARE, SO WE'LL LET THE FRONT- END PROCESSOR DO IT...  WELL, THIS IS
WHAT A MULTIPLEXER DOES.  USUALLY THEY WILL ASK FOR SOMETHING LIKE "ENTER
CLASS" OR "LINE:".  USUALLY IT IS PROGRAMMED FOR A DOUBLE DIGIT NUMBER,
OR A FOUR TO FIVE LETTER WORD.  THERE ARE USUALLY A FEW SETS OF NUMBERS IT
ACCEPTS, BUT THOSE NUMBERS ALSO SET YOUR 300/1200 BAUD DATA TYPE.  THESE
MULTIPLEXERS ARE INCONVENIENT AT BEST, SO NOT TO WORRY.
A LITTLE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF HACKING: HACKING, BY OUR DEFINITION, MEANS A
GREAT KNOWLEDGE OF SOME SPECIAL AREA. DOCTORS AND LAWYERS ARE HACKERS OF A SORT, BY THIS DEFINITION.  BUT MOST OFTEN, IT IS BEING USED IN THE COMPUTER CONTEXT, AND THUS WE HAVE A DEFINITION
OF "ANYONE WHO HAS A GREAT AMOUNT OFCOMPUTER OR TELECOMMUNICATIONS
KNOWLEDGE."  YOU ARE NOT A HACKER BECAUSE YOU HAVE A LIST OF CODES...
HACKING, BY OUR DEFINITION, HAS THEN BEEN AROUND ONLY ABOUT 15 YEARS.  IT
STARTED, WHERE ELSE BUT, MIT AND COLLEGES WHERE THEY HAD COMPUTER
SCIENCE OR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS.  HACKERS HAVE CREATED
SOME OF THE BEST COMPUTER LANGUAGES, THE MOST AWESOME OPERATING SYSTEMS, AND EVEN GONE ON TO MAKE MILLIONS.  HACKING
USED TO HAVE A GOOD NAME, WHEN WE COULD HONESTLY SAY "WE KNOW WHAT WE ARE DOING".  NOW IT MEANS (IN THE PUBLIC EYE):  THE 414'S, RON AUSTIN, THE NASA
HACKERS, THE ARPANET HACKERS...  ALL  THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN CAUGHT, HAVE
DONE DAMAGE, AND ARE NOW GOING TO HAVE TO FACE FINES AND SENTANCES.
THUS WE COME PAST THE MORALISTIC CRAP, AND TO OUR PURPOSE:  EDUCATE THE HACKER COMMUNITY, RETURN TO THE DAYS WHEN PEOPLE ACTUALLY KNEW SOMETHING... _______________________________________

Hacking Guide

_______________________________________

WELCOME TO THE BASICS OF HACKING II:

VAX'S AND UNIX.  IN THIS ARTICLE, WE

DISCUSS THE UNIX SYSTEM THAT RUNS ON

THE VARIOUS VAX SYSTEMS.  IF YOU ARE

ON ANOTHER UNIX-TYPE SYSTEM, SOME

COMMANDS MAY DIFFER, BUT SINCE IT IS

LICENCED TO BELL, THEY CAN'T MAKE MANY

CHANGES.

_______________________________________

HACKING ONTO A UNIX SYSTEM IS VERY

DIFFICULT, AND IN THIS CASE, WE ADVISE

HAVING AN INSIDE SOURCE, IF POSSIBLE.

THE REASON IT IS DIFFICULT TO HACK A

VAX IS THIS:  MANY VAX, AFTER YOU GET

A CARRIER FROM THEM, RESPOND=>

LOGIN:

THEY GIVE YOU NO CHANCE TO SEE WHAT THE

LOGIN NAME FORMAT IS.  MOST COMMONLY

USED ARE SINGLE WORDS, UNDER 8 DIGITS,

USUALLY THE PERSON'S NAME.  THERE IS

A WAY AROUND THIS:  MOST VAX HAVE AN

ACCT. CALLED 'SUGGEST' FOR PEOPLE TO

USE TO MAKE A SUGGESTION TO THE SYSTEM

ROOT TERMINAL.  THIS IS USUALLY WATCHED

BY THE SYSTEM OPERATOR, BUT AT LATE

HE IS PROBABLY AT HOME SLEEPING OR

SCREWING SOMEONE'S BRAINS OUT.  SO WE

CAN WRITE A PROGRAM TO SEND AT THE

VAX THIS TYPE OF A MESSAGE:

A SCREEN FREEZE (CNTRL-S), SCREEN

CLEAR (SYSTEM DEPENDANT), ABOUT 255

GARBAGE CHARACTERS, AND THEN A COMMAND

TO CREATE A LOGIN ACCT., AFTER WHICH

YOU CLEAR THE SCREEN AGAIN, THEN UN-

FREEZE THE TERMINAL.  WHAT THIS DOES:

WHEN THE TERMINAL IS FROZEN, IT KEEPS

A BUFFER OF WHAT IS SENT.  WELL, THE

BUFFER IS ABOUT 127 CHARACTERS LONG.

SO YOU OVERFLOW IT WITH TRASH, AND THEN

YOU SEND A COMMAND LINE TO CREATE AN

ACCT. (SYSTEM DEPENDANT).  AFTER THIS

YOU CLEAR THE BUFFER AND SCREEN AGAIN,

THEN UNFREEZE THE TERMINAL.  THIS IS

A BAD WAY TO DO IT, AND IT IS MUCH

NICER IF YOU JUST SEND A COMMAND TO

THE TERMINAL TO SHUT THE SYSTEM DOWN,

OR WHATEVER YOU ARE AFTER...

THERE IS ALWAYS, *ALWAYS* AN ACCT.

CALLED ROOT, THE MOST POWERFUL ACCT.

TO BE ON, SINCE IT HAS ALL OF THE

SYSTEM FILES ON IT.  IF YOU HACK YOUR

WAY ONTO THIS ONE, THEN EVERYTHING IS

EASY FROM HERE ON...

ON THE UNIX SYSTEM, THE ABORT KEY IS

THE CNTRL-D KEY.  WATCH HOW MANY TIMES

YOU HIT THIS, SINCE IT IS ALSO A WAY TO

LOG OFF THE SYSTEM!

A LITTLE ABOUT UNIX ARCHITECHTURE:

THE ROOT DIRECTORY, CALLED ROOT, IS

WHERE THE SYSTEM RESIDES.  AFTER THIS

COME A FEW 'SUB' ROOT DIRECTORIES,

USUALLY TO GROUP THINGS (STATS HERE,

PRIV STUFF HERE, THE USER LOG HERE...).

UNDER THIS COMES THE SUPERUSER (THE

OPERATOR OF THE SYSTEM), AND THEN

FINALLY THE NORMAL USERS.  IN THE UNIX

'SHELL' EVERYTHING IS TREATED THE SAME.

BY THIS WE MEAN:  YOU CAN ACCESS A

PROGRAM THE SAME WAY YOU ACCESS A USER

DIRECTORY, AND SO ON.  THE WAY THE UNIX

SYSTEM WAS WRITTEN, EVERYTHING, USERS

INCLUDED, ARE JUST PROGRAMS BELONGING

TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY.  THOSE OF YOU

WHO HACKED ONTO THE ROOT, SMILE, SINCE

YOU CAN SCREW EVERYTHING...

THE MAIN LEVEL (EXEC LEVEL) PROMPT ON

THE UNIX SYSTEM IS THE $, AND IF YOU

ARE ON THE ROOT, YOU HAVE A # (SUPER-

USER PROMPT).

OK, A FEW BASICS FOR THE SYSTEM...

TO SEE WHERE YOU ARE, AND WHAT PATHS

ARE ACTIVE IN REGUARDS TO YOUR USER

ACCOUNT, THEN TYPE => PWD

THIS SHOWS YOUR ACCT. SEPERATED BY

A SLASH WITH ANOTHER PATHNAME (ACCT.),

POSSIBLY MANY TIMES.

TO CONNECT THROUGH TO ANOTHER PATH,

OR MANY PATHS, YOU WOULD TYPE:

YOU=> PATH1/PATH2/PATH3

AND THEN YOU ARE CONNECTED ALL THE

WAY FROM PATH1 TO PATH3.  YOU CAN

RUN THE PROGRAMS ON ALL THE PATHS

YOU ARE CONNECTED TO.  IF IT DOES

NOT ALLOW YOU TO CONNECT TO A PATH,

THEN YOU HAVE INSUFFICIENT PRIVS, OR

THE PATH IS CLOSED AND ARCHIVED ONTO

TAPE.  YOU CAN RUN PROGRAMS THIS WAY

ALSO:

YOU=> PATH1/PATH2/PATH3/PROGRAM-NAME

UNIX TREATS EVERYTHING AS A PROGRAM,

AND THUS THERE A FEW COMMANDS TO

LEARN...

TO SEE WHAT YOU HAVE ACCESS TO IN THE

END PATH, TYPE=>  LS

FOR LIST.  THIS SHOW THE PROGRAMS

YOU CAN RUN.  YOU CAN CONNECT TO

THE ROOT DIRECTORY AND RUN IT'S

PROGRAMS WITH=>

/ROOT

BY THE WAY, MOST UNIX SYSTEMS HAVE

THEIR LOG FILE ON THE ROOT, SO YOU

CAN SET UP A WATCH ON THE FILE, WAITING

FOR PEOPLE TO LOG IN AND SNATCH THEIR

PASSWORD AS IT PASSES THRU THE FILE.

TO CONNECT TO A DIRECTORY, USE THE

COMMAND:  => CD PATHNAME

THIS ALLOWS YOU TO DO WHAT YOU WANT

WITH THAT DIRECTORY.  YOU MAY BE ASKED

FOR A PASSWORD, BUT THIS IS A GOOD

WAY OF FINDING OTHER USER NAMES TO

HACK ONTO.

THE WILDCARD CHARACTER IN UNIX, IF

YOU WANT TO SEARCH DOWN A PATH FOR

A GAME OR SUCH, IS THE *.

=> LS /*

SHOULD SHOW YOU WHAT YOU CAN ACCESS.

THE FILE TYPES ARE THE SAME AS THEY

ARE ON A DEC, SO REFER TO THAT SECTION

WHEN EXAMINING FILE.  TO SEE WHAT IS

IN A FILE, USE THE => PR FILENAME

COMMAND, FOR PRINT FILE.

WE ADVISE PLAYING WITH PATHNAMES TO

GET THE HANG OF THE CONCEPT.  THERE

IS ON-LINE HELP AVAILABLE ON MOST

SYSTEMS WITH A 'HELP' OR A '?'.

WE ADVISE YOU LOOK THRU THE HELP

FILES AND PAY ATTENTION TO ANYTHING

THEY GIVE YOU ON PATHNAMES, OR THE

COMMANDS FOR THE SYSTEM.

YOU CAN, AS A USER, CREATE OR DESTROY

DIRECTORIES ON THE TREE BENEATH YOU.

THIS MEANS THAT ROOT CAN KILL EVERY-

THING BUT ROOT, AND YOU CAN KILL ANY

THAT ARE BELOW YOU.  THESE ARE THE

=> MKDIR PATHNAME

=> RMDIR PATHNAME

COMMANDS.

ONCE AGAIN, YOU ARE NOT ALONE ON THE

SYSTEM...  TYPE=>  WHO

TO SEE WHAT OTHER USERS ARE LOGGED IN

TO THE SYSTEM AT THE TIME.  IF YOU

WANT TO TALK TO THEM=>  WRITE USERNAME

WILL ALLOW YOU TO CHAT AT THE SAME

TIME, WITHOUT HAVING TO WORRY ABOUT THE

PARSER.  TO SEND MAIL TO A USER, SAY

=> MAIL

AND ENTER THE MAIL SUB-SYSTEM.

TO SEND A MESSAGE TO ALL THE USERS

ON THE SYSTEM, SAY => WALL

WHICH STANDS FOR 'WRITE ALL'

BY THE WAY, ON A FEW SYSTEMS, ALL YOU

HAVE TO DO IS HIT THE <RETURN> KEY

TO END THE MESSAGE, BUT ON OTHERS YOU

MUST HIT THE CNTRL-D KEY.

TO SEND A SINGLE MESSAGE TO A USER,

SAY => WRITE USERNAME

THIS IS VERY HANDY AGAIN!  IF YOU SEND

THE SEQUENCE OF CHARACTERS DISCUSSED

AT THE VERY BEGINNING OF THIS ARTICLE,

YOU CAN HAVE THE SUPER-USER TERMINAL DO

TRICKS FOR YOU AGAIN.

PRIVS:

IF YOU WANT SUPER-USER PRIVS, YOU CAN

EITHER LOG IN AS ROOT, OR EDIT YOUR

ACCT. SO IT CAN SAY => SU

THIS NOW GIVES YOU THE # PROMPT, AND

ALLOWS YOU TO COMPLETELY BY-PASS THE

PROTECTION.  THE WONDERFUL SECURITY

CONSCIOUS DEVELOPERS AT BELL MADE IT

VERY DIFFICULT TO DO MUCH WITHOUT

PRIVS, BUT ONCE YOU HAVE THEM, THERE

IS ABSOLUTELY NOTHING STOPPING YOU

FROM DOING ANYTHING YOU WANT TO.

TO BRING DOWN A UNIX SYSTEM:

=> CHDIR /BIN

=> RM *

THIS WIPES OUT THE PATHNAME BIN, WHERE

ALL THE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FILES ARE.

OR TRY:

=> R -R

THIS RECURSIVELY REMOVES EVERYTHING

FROM THE SYSTEM EXCEPT THE REMOVE

COMMAND ITSELF.

OR TRY:

=> KILL -1,1

=> SYNC

 

THIS WIPES OUT THE SYSTEM DEVICES FROM

OPERATION.

WHEN YOU ARE FINALLY SICK AND TIRED

FROM HACKING ON THE VAX SYSTEMS, JUST

HIT YOUR CNTRL-D AND REPEAT KEY, AND

YOU WILL EVENTUALLY BE LOGGED OUT.

_______________________________________

THE REASON THIS FILE SEEMS TO BE VERY

SKETCHY IS THE FACT THAT BELL HAS 7

LICENCED VERSIONS OF UNIX OUT IN THE

PUBLIC DOMAIN, AND THESE COMMANDS ARE

THOSE COMMON TO ALL OF THEM.  WE

RECOMMEND YOU HACK ONTO THE ROOT OR

BIN DIRECTORY, SINCE THEY HAVE THE

HIGHEST LEVELS OF PRIVS, AND THERE

IS REALLY NOT MUCH YOU CAN DO (EXCEPT

DEVELOPE SOFTWARE) WITHOUT THEM.

   Welcome to Basics of Hacking I: DEC's In this article you will learn how

to log in to DEC's, logging out, and all the fun stuff to do in-between.

All of this information is based on a standard DEC system.  Since there

are DEC systems 10 and 20, and we favor, the DEC 20, there will be more

info on them in this article.  It is also the more common of the two,

and is used by much more interesting people (if you know what we mean...)

Ok, the first thing you want to do when you are receiving carrier from

a DEC system is to find out the format of login names.  You can do this

by looking at who is on the system.

DEC=> @   (the 'exec' level prompt)

YOU=> SY

SY is short for SY(STAT) and shows you the system status.  You should see

|he format of login names... A SYSTAT usually comes up in this form:

Job  Line  Program  User

Job:     The JOB number (Not important unless you want to log them off later)

Line:    What line they are on (used to talk to them...)

         These are both two or three digit numbers.

Program: What program are they running under?  If it says 'EXEC' they aren't

         doing anything at all...

User:    ahhhAHHHH!  This is the user name they are logged in under...

Copy the format, and hack yourself out a working code...

Login format is as such:

DEC=> @

YOU=> login username password

Username is the username in the format you saw above in the SYSTAT.  After you

hit the space after your username, it will stop echoing characters back to

your screen.  This is the password you are typing in...  Remember, people

usually use their name, their dog's name, the name of a favorite character

in a book, or something like this.  A few clever people have it set to a key

cluster (qwerty or asdfg).  PW's can be from 1 to 8 characters long, anything

after that is ignored.

   It would be nice to have a little help, wouldn't it?  Just type a ?

or the word HELP, and it will give you a whole list of topics...

Some handy characters for you to know would be the control keys, wouldn't it?

Backspace on a DEC 20 is rub which is 255 on your ASCII chart.  On the DEC 10

it is Ctrl-H.  To abort a long listing or a program, Ctrl-C works fine.  Use

Ctrl-O to stop long output to the terminal.  This is handy when playing

a game, but you don't want to Ctrl-C out.  Ctrl-T for the time.  Ctrl-U

will kill the whole line you are typing at the moment.  You may accidently

run a program where the only way out is a Ctrl-X, so keep that in reserve.

Ctrl-S to stop listing, Ctrl-Q to continue on both systems.  Is your

terminal having trouble??  Like, it pauses for no reason, or it doesn't

backspace right?  This is because both systems support many terminals,

and you haven't told it what yours is yet...  You are using a VT05 (Isn't

that funny?  I thought i had an apple) so you need to tell it you are one.

DEC=> @

YOU=> information terminal

      or...

YOU=> info ter

This shows you what your terminal is set up as...

DEC=>  all sorts of shit, then the @

YOU=>  set ter vt05

This sets your terminal type to VT05. Now let's see what is in the account

(here after abbreviated acct.) that you have hacked onto...

SAY => DIR

short for directory, it shows you what the user of the code has save to the

disk.  There should be a format like this:  xxxxx.ooo      xxxxx is the file

name, from 1 to 20 characters long.  ooo is the file type, one of:

exe, txt, dat, bas, cmd   and a few others that are system dependant.

Exe is a compiled program that can be run (just by typing its name at the @).

Txt is a text file, which you can see by typing=> type xxxxx.txt

Do not try to=> type xxxxx.exe This is very bad for your terminal and

will tell you absolutly nothing. Dat is data they have saved.

Bas is a basic program, you can have it typed out for you.

Cmd is a command type file, a little too complicated to go into here.

TRY => take xxxxx.cmd

By the way, there are other usersout there who may have files you can

use (Gee, why else am i here?).

TYPE => DIR <*.*>   (DEC 20)

     => DIR [*,*]   (DEC 10)

* is a wildcard, and will allow you

to access the files on other accounts if the user has it set for public

access.  If it isn't set for public access, then you won't see it.

to run that program:

DEC=> @

YOU=> username program-name

Username is the directory you saw the file listed under, and file name was

what else but the file name?

**  YOU ARE NOT ALONE  **

Remember, you said (at the very start) SY  short for SYSTAT, and how we said

this showed the other users on the system?  Well, you can talk to them,

or at least send a message to anyone you see listed in a SYSTAT.  You can

do this by:

DEC=> the user list (from your systat)

YOU=> talk username     (DEC 20)

      send username     (DEC 10)

Talk allows you and them immediate conferencing.

Description: Hackign Data General (Knights of Shadow IV)

  File Date: 6-21-87

  File Time: 6:36 am

***************************************

   Welcome to the basics of hacking III: Data General computers.

Data General is favored by large corporations who need to have a lot of

data on-line.  The Data General AOS, which stands for Advance on of

bastardized UNIX. All the commands which were in the UNIX article, will

work on a Data General.  Once again, we have the problem of not knowing

the format for the login name on the Data General you want to hack.  As

seems to be standard, try names from one to 8 digits long.  Data General

designed the computer to be for businessmen, and is thus very simplistic,

and basically fool proof (but not damn fool proof).  It follows the same

login format as the unix system:

DG=> login:

DG=> password:

YOU=> password

Passwords can be a maximum of 8 characters, and they are almost always

set to a default of 'AOS' or 'DG'. (any you know about businessmen...)

   A word about control characters:

Ctrl-O stops massive print-outs to the screen, but leaves you in whatever

mode you were.  (A technical word on what this actually does:  It tells the

CPU to ignore the terminal, and prints everything out to the CPU!  This is

about 19200 baud, and so it seems like it just cancels.)  Ctrl-U kills the

line you are typing at the time.  Now for the weird one:  Ctrl-C tells the

CPU to stop, and wait for another ctrl character.  To stop a program,

you actually need to type Ctrl-C and then a Ctrl-B.

   Once you get on, type 'HELP'.  Many DG (Data General) computers are sold

in a package deal, which also gets the company free customizing.  So you never

know what commands there might be.  So we will follow what is known as the

'ECLIPSE STANDARD', or''ctory like. To find out the files on the directory

you are using, type

=> DIR

To run a program, just like on a DEC, just type its name.  Other than this,

and running other people's programs, there really isn't a standard...

***  HARK, yon other system users  ***

To see who is on, type => WHO remember?).  This shows the other users,

what they are doing, and what paths they are connected across.  This

is handy, so try a few of those paths yourself.  To send a message, say

=> send username

This is a one time message, just like send on the DEC 10.  From here on, try

commands from the other previous files and from the 'HELP' listing.

superuser:

If you can get privs, just say:

=> superuser on

and you turn those privs on!

By the way, you remember that computers keep a log of what people do?  type:

=> syslog /stop

and it no longer records anything you do on the system, or any of the other

users.  It screams to high heaven that it was you who turned it off, but it

keeps no track of any accounts created or whatever else you may do.  You can

say=>  syslog /start

to turn it back on (now why would you want to do something like that?????)

To exit from the system, type=> BYE and the system will hang up on you.

   Most of the systems around, including DECs, VAX's, and DG's, have games.

These are usually located in a path or directory of the name  games or <games>

or games:  Try looking in them, and you might find adventure, zork, wumpus

(with bent arrows in hand) or a multitude of others. There may also be

games called 'CB' or 'FORUM'. These are a sort of computer conference call.

Use them on weekends, and you can meet all sorts of interesting people.

   If you would like to see more articles on hacking (this time far more than

just the basics), or maybe articles on networks and such, then leave us mail

if we are on the system, or have the sysop search us down.  We call a lot

of places, and you may just find us.